Card and host device

ABSTRACT

A host device is configured to read and write information from and into a card and to supply a supply voltage that belongs to a first voltage range or a second voltage range which is lower than the first voltage range, and issues a voltage identification command to the card. The voltage identification command includes a voltage range identification section, an error detection section, and a check pattern section. The voltage range identification section includes information indicating which one of the first voltage range and the second voltage range the supply voltage belongs. The error detection section has a pattern configured to enable the card which has received the voltage identification command to detect errors in the voltage identification command. The check pattern section has a preset pattern.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation Application of U.S. application Ser.No. 12/043,005, filed on Mar. 5, 2008, which is a ContinuationApplication of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/553,002, filed on Oct. 26,2006, now granted as U.S. Pat. No. 7,353,993, issued on Apr. 8, 2008,and is a Continuation Application of PCT Application No.PCT/JP2005/021689, filed on Nov. 25, 2005, which was published under PCTArticle 21(2) in Japanese, and also claims priority toPCT/JP2004/017627, filed on Nov. 26, 2004. The entire contents of eachof these documents are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a card and a host device, and relates,for example to checking of operating voltage and capacity of the memorycard and host device.

2. Description of the Related Art

In recent years, a memory card, which is one type of removable storagedevice, has been heavily used in various portable electronic devicessuch as personal computers, PDAs, cameras, and mobile phones. PC cardsand small-size SD (trademark) cards draw much attention as memory cards.The SD (trademark) card is a memory card which has a flash memory, acard controller and the like built-in, and is designed in particular tomeet the demands of increased compactness, larger capacities and higherspeeds.

Conventionally, an operating voltage of a memory card and its hostdevice has been 3.3 V (high voltage) range and has supported a voltagerange from 2.7 V to 3.6 V. Demand has arisen for operation with a lowervoltage, for example, in 1.8 V (low voltage) range, in other words,which supports a voltage range of 1.65 V to 1.95 V, for example.

In addition, the capacity of a conventional memory card is notsufficient for storing large volumes of data, and a SD (trademark) cardwhich store large volumes of data is desired.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided ahost device configured to read and write information from and into acard and to supply a supply voltage that belong to a first voltage rangeor a second voltage range which is lower than the first voltage range,the host device configured to issue to the card a voltage identificationcommand including a voltage range identification section, an errordetection section, and a check pattern section, wherein the voltagerange identification section includes information indicating which oneof the first voltage range and the second voltage range the supplyvoltage belongs, the error detection section has a pattern configured toenable the card which has received the voltage identification command todetect errors in the voltage identification command, and the checkpattern section has a preset pattern.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided acard comprising a memory which stores information and a controller tocontrol the memory, the card being operable at only a voltage that lieswithin a first voltage range, or at a voltage that lies within the firstvoltage range and a voltage that lies within a second voltage rangewhich is lower than the first voltage range, and the card being suppliedwith a voltage identification command including a voltage rangeidentification section, an error detection section, and a check patternsection, wherein, the card issues a response including a voltage rangeidentification section and an error detection section or a check patternsection in response to the voltage identification command, the voltagerange identification section of the response has the same pattern as thevoltage range identification section of the voltage identificationcommand, the error detection section of the response has a patternconfigured to enable a device which has received the response to detecterrors in the response, and the check pattern section of the responsehas the same pattern as the check pattern of the voltage identificationcommand.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the main parts of a card and ahost device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing data arrangement of a NAND type flash memoryin the memory card according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows an example of commands issued by the host device up untilimmediately before memory initialization.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the main parts of the content of a voltagecheck command.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the main parts of the content of a responseto the voltage check command.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a process for checking an operatingvoltage range in the case where the host device operates in a highvoltage range.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a process for checking an operating voltagerange in the case where the host device operates in a low voltage range.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the main parts of the content of a memoryinitialization command according to a second embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the main parts of the content of a responseto the memory initialization command according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a memory initialization process accordingto the second embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in the followingwith reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the structuralelements that have substantially the same function and configuration inthe following description are assigned the same numbers, and repeateddescription is provided only when necessary.

First Embodiment

A first embodiment relates to reciprocal checking of an operatingvoltage range which a host device and a card support.

It is expected that when a card which can operate in low voltage isrealized, a card that supports only high voltage operation (high voltagecard), a card that supports high voltage and low voltage (dual-voltagecard), and a host device that supplies low voltage and a host devicethat supplies high voltage exist in market.

As a result, when the host device that supplies low voltage (low voltagehost device) and the high voltage card are used together, the followingproblems may arise. When a card is inserted into the host device, it isinitialized by commands from the host device. At the initialization, thehost device issues to the card commands for acquiring information in aregister that stores information relating to operation conditions thatis provided in the card. The host device can acquire information on thevoltage supported by the card from the information.

When the information relating to the operation conditions is acquired,the high voltage card operates by a low voltage power supply that a hostsupplies and outputs information from the operation conditions registereven though it does not support a low voltage operation. However, thevalidity of transmission/reception of the operation conditions registerinformation cannot be guaranteed because the card operates by a voltagewhich it does not support. For this reason, the host device attemptsinitialization of the inserted card and in the case where theinitialization fails to know that the card does not support the lowvoltage operation.

Note that when the conventional host device that supplies high voltageand the two-voltage card are used together, there is no particularproblem because both can operate at high voltage.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the main parts of the card and host deviceaccording to the first embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1,the card 1 includes a memory 3 and a card controller 4.

The card 1 supports only a high voltage operation (for example, 3.3 V)or supports both high voltage and low voltage operations (for example,1.8 V). Note that low voltage operation refers, in reality, that thecard 1 and the host device 2 are configured to support a voltage rangeincluding 1.8 V (such as 1.65 V to 1.95 V). Similarly, the high voltageoperation refers that the card 1 and the host device 2 are configured tosupport a voltage range including 3.3 V (such as 2.7 V to 3.6 V).Typically, the range of the operating voltage itself is the same forboth the card 1 and the host device 2. An unused voltage region isprovided between the low voltage range and the high voltage range.

The host device 2 includes a voltage supply section 5, a read/writesection 6, and a command control section 7. The voltage supply section 5operates with a high voltage or low voltage power source potential Vdd,and the power source potential Vdd and a common potential Vss aresupplied to the card. The read/write section 6 reads data from the card1 and writes data onto the card 1. The command control section 7transmits and receives commands and responses to and from the card 1.Reference numerals 11, 12, 13, 14 and 17 will be explained in a secondembodiment.

A NAND type flash memory may be used as the memory 3. FIG. 2 showsarrangement of data in the NAND type flash memory. Each page of the NANDtype flash memory 11 has 2122 Bytes ((512 Bytes data memory section+16Bytes redundant section)×4), and 128 pages form one erasure unit (256kBytes+8 kBytes).

In addition, the NAND type flash memory 21 has a page buffer 21A forinputting and outputting data into and from the flash memory. The memorycapacity of the page buffer 21A is 2112 Bytes (2048 Bytes+64 Bytes). Atthe time of data writing and the like, the page buffer 21A performsprocessing of inputting and outputting data into and from the flashmemory in 1 page units corresponding to its own capacity.

When the memory capacity of the NAND flash memory 21 is, for example, 1Gbit, the number of 256-kByte blocks (erasure units) is 512. Inaddition, the NAND flash memory 21 is manufactured by using, forexample, 0.09-μm process technology. That is, the design rule of theNAND type flash memory 21 is less than 0.1 μm.

Meanwhile, the embodiment shows the case where the erasure unit is a256-kByte block, but construction such that the erasure unit is, forexample, a 16-kByte block is also advantageous in practical use. In thiscase, each page has 528 Bytes ((512 Bytes data memory section+16 Bytesredundant section), and 32 pages form one deletion unit (16 kBytes+0.5kBytes (k is 1024). In addition, the NAND flash memory 21 may be abinary memory which stores 1 bit of information in one memory cell, ormay be a multi-value memory which stores 2 bits or more of informationin one memory cell.

Next, the initialization method using the card 1 and the host device 2in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7. Theinitialization process includes various processings. First, an outlineof commands issued by the host device 2 up until immediately beforememory initialization will be described. FIG. 3 shows an example of thecommands issued by the host device 2 up until immediately before memoryinitialization. Note that the card 1 and the memory 2 operates with theoperating voltage until information is acquired from the operationconditions register of the memory 2 by a memory initialization commanddescribed hereinafter. During this time, the card 1 must be operable bythe operating voltage.

As shown in FIG. 3, when initialization is started, the host device 2issues a reset command CMDR to reset circuits in the card 1.

Next, the host device 2 issues a voltage check command CMDV. The commandis a newly introduced command in this embodiment. For this reason, theconventional card 1 does not recognize the voltage check command CMDV,and even if it receives this command, it does not send back a responseto the host device 2. The host device 2 and the card 1 can check theoperating voltage (operating voltage range) supported by each otherusing the voltage check command CMDV. The reciprocal checking methodwill be described in detail hereinafter.

Next, if the card 1, for example, supports various I/O functions thatare expanded from a data storage function, the host device 2 issues aninitialization command CMDIO to the card 1. Subsequently, aninitialization command for the memory 1 is supplied. Memoryinitialization will be described using the second embodiment.

Now, the voltage check command CMDV will be described. FIG. 4 shows themain parts of the content of the voltage check command CMDV. As shown inFIG. 4, the voltage check command CMDV has at least a check patternsection CPS and a voltage range identification section VOLS. The voltagerange identification section VOLS has a pattern which uniquely showswhether the host device 2 supports a low voltage operation or a highvoltage operation.

The check pattern section CPS and the voltage range identificationsection VOLS can have any number of bits. However, it is preferable thatthe following conditions are satisfied. Namely, as described in thefollowing, the operation of the host device 2 and the card 1 examinewhether the bit pattern of the voltage range identification section VOLSmatch or not to check the operating voltage range for each other. Forthis reason, the check pattern section CPS may be, for example, about 8bits and the voltage range identification section VOLS may be, forexample, about 4 bits in order to avoid incorrect recognition when thepattern for this section changes due to noise. The command section CMhas an index for identifying this command.

In order to check whether or not the command is correctly transmittedfrom the host device 2 to the card 1, the voltage check command CMDV hasan error detection code section ED which uses an error detection codesection ED using an error detection code or the like such as CRC (CycleRedundancy Check). The card 1 can detect an error inside the voltagecheck command CMDV by using the error detection code.

FIG. 5 shows the main parts of the content of a response to the voltagecheck command CMDV. As shown in FIG. 5, the response to the voltagecheck command includes at least a check pattern section CPA and avoltage range identification section VOLA. The card 1 forms the same bitpattern as the voltage check command CMDV in the check pattern sectionCPA, and forms the same bit pattern as the voltage range identificationsection VOLS in the voltage range identification section VOLA to therebysend a response to the host device. The response may have an errordetection code section ED as in the case of the voltage check commandCMDV. The host device 2 can use the error detection code or compare theresponse with the command to determine if they match in order to detecterrors in the response of the voltage check command CMDV.

Next, description will be given to a method in which the host device 2and the card 1 check the operating voltage range which each othersupports by using the voltage check command CMDV. The process differsdepending on a high voltage range operation or a low voltage rangeoperation. First, the process of the high voltage range operation willbe described. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a process for checking theoperating voltage range when the host device 2 operates in the highvoltage range. As shown in FIG. 6, the host device 2 issues the voltagecheck command CMDV to the card 1 in step ST1.

In step ST2, the host device 2 determines whether or not there is aresponse to the voltage check command CMDV. As described above, theconventional card does not recognize the voltage check command CMDV, andthus does not issue a response to the command. For this reason, the hostdevice 2 determines that the card 1 is not a low voltage card, or inother words, it determines that the process by the high voltageoperation can be continued, and takes the memory initialization process.The memory initialization process will be described in the secondembodiment.

Meanwhile, when the card 1 under initialization is the card of thisembodiment, the card 1 sends back the response shown in FIG. 5 to thehost device 2. At this step, the card 1 first observes a bit pattern ofthe voltage range identification section VOLS of the voltage checkcommand CMDV. Then, the card 1 sends back the response which has thesame bit pattern as this bit pattern in the voltage range identificationsection VOLA.

Next, in step ST3, the host device 2 checks the matching of the patternof the voltage range identification section VOLA in the response and thepattern of the voltage range identification section VOLS in the voltagecheck command CMDV. When these pattern match, the host device 2determines that the card 1 is a new card for which the voltage checkcommand CMDV can be checked and that the operating voltage range of thehost device 2 is supported.

Simultaneously, the host device 2 executes CRC check or checks that thebit pattern of the response matches the bit pattern of the command.Consequently, it can be confirmed that the transmission and reception ofthe voltage check command CMDV are reliable.

In the case of a bus mode with an error detection code in a command, thepattern of the error detection code section ED in the response is formedinto, for example, a CRC code to check the validity of the response. Inthe case of a bus mode without error detection code section ED in thevoltage check command CMDV, the voltage range identification sectionVOLS and the voltage range identification section VOLA as well as thecheck pattern sections CPS and CPA of the command and responserespectively match, and the response is determined to be normal. If theresponse is determined to be normal, the voltage check process ends.Then, the flow transfers to the memory initialization process. This willbe described in the second embodiment.

On the other hand, if the voltage range identification section VOLS andthe voltage range identification section VOLA do not match and/or thecheck pattern section CPS and the check pattern section CPA do notmatch, and an error is detected by the error detection code, the processfor checking the operating voltage range ends. As a result, theinitialization process stops.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a process for checking the operatingvoltage range when the operating voltage of the host device 2 is withinthe low voltage range. The difference between the low voltage operationand the high voltage operation lies only in the following point. Namely,if there is no response from the card 1 in step ST2, this means that thecard 1 does not operate with low voltage. Thus, the initializationprocess stops in order to avoid initialization on the high voltage cardby the host device 2 that operates in the low voltage range.

According to the card 1 and the host device 2 of the first embodiment ofthe invention, the card 1 and the host device 2 can know the operatingvoltage range that each other supports based on transmission/receptionof the newly provided command. For this reason, the subsequentinitialization process can be performed by normal operation using theoperating voltage range that the card 1 and the host device 2 bothsupport. In addition, when the operating voltage range that both supportdo not match, the host device 2 can detect this and cancel theinitialization process. As a result, it is possible to avoid wastefulprocess such as initialization in an abnormal state and a malfunction ofthe host.

In addition, according to the first embodiment, the voltage checkcommand CMDV has a check pattern, and the card 1 forms the same patternas the check pattern in the response to the voltage check command CMDV.Comparing the check patterns can provide guarantee of the reliability oftransmission and reception of the voltage check command CMDV.Accordingly, even when the bus mode without code error detection sectionin each command, errors can be detected in the response.

Second Embodiment

A second embodiment relates to a method of memory initializationdepending on whether a memory loaded in a card is of a large capacity ora small capacity.

With the realization of a card capable of storing large volume ofinformation (large capacity card), it is necessary to newly set a formatcorresponding to the large capacity card. A file system of a new formatis different from that of a conventional low capacity format. Inaddition, a conventional host device which uses the low capacity formatcannot recognize the file system of the large capacity card. For thisreason, if the conventional host device initializes the large capacitycard, data on the card may be destroyed.

The following four combinations are possible according to whether or notthe host device supports large capacity and whether or not the card thatis being initialized supports large capacity.

(1) Conventional host device (which does not support largecapacity)+small capacity card(2) Conventional host device+large capacity card(3) Large capacity supporting host device (also supports smallcapacity)+small capacity card(4) Large capacity supporting host device+large capacity card.

It is desirable that the host device and/or the card detect which of theabove cases applies and responds accordingly.

As shown in FIG. 1, a card 11 according to the second embodiment of theinvention is loaded with a small capacity or large capacity memory 13and a card controller 14. A host device 12 includes a command controlsection 17. The command control section 17 is configured to support amemory initialization command of the second embodiment described andboth the small capacity card and the large capacity card as well as thefunctions of the command control section 7 of the first embodiment.

The content of the memory initialization command differs depending onwhere the process reaches in the flowchart of the first embodiment. Ifthe results of the operating voltage range checking determines that theprocess has reached A in FIG. 6, the host device 12 has a function forissuing the voltage check command CMDV and is thus not a conventionalformat, or in other words, it supports large capacity. In addition, thecase in which the card being initialized is a small capacity card, thecase (3) above is applicable. In this case, the host device 12 issues aconventional memory initialization command. The card controller 14 ofthe card 1 receives the conventional memory initialization command toinitialize the memory into a mode that is compatible with the prior art.

On the other hand, in the case where the process reaches B in FIG. 6 orFIG. 7, the host device 12 performs memory initialization by using a newinitialization command shown hereinafter. FIG. 8 shows the main parts ofthe content of the new memory initialization command according to thesecond embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the memoryinitialization command includes a first voltage identification sectionV1S, a second voltage identification section V2S, a capacityidentification section HCS, and a busy notification section BS. Thesecond voltage identification section V2S may be omitted, and only thefirst voltage identification section V1S may be defined.

The first voltage identification section V1S is configured by, forexample, multiple bits, and each bit corresponds to a specific width ofvoltage (such as 0.1 V). A voltage range supported by the first voltageidentification section V1S is the same as the high voltage operationrange of the first embodiment. A bit showing the voltage being currentlyapplied at the host device 12 is set to “1”.

The second voltage identification section V2S may be configured by 1bit. It may also be formed of a plurality of bits. The bit is set if thehost device 12 applies voltage in the low voltage range. When the secondvoltage identification section V2S is configured by multiple bits, thewidth of the voltage covered by each bit in the second voltageidentification section V2S can be less than that for the first voltageidentification section V1S, and may be unit of 0.05 V, for example. Bydoing this, even if the operating voltage of the host device and thecard is decreased even further in the future, the host device can showits own operating voltage in more detail. A voltage range supported bythe second voltage identification section V2S is the same as the lowvoltage range of the first embodiment.

A middle voltage range section VM is provided between the voltage rangecovered by the first voltage identification section V1S and the voltagerange covered by the second voltage identification section V2S. The hostdevice 12 does not support the voltage range corresponding to the middlevoltage range section VM, and as a consequence, all of the bits in themiddle voltage range section VM never show “1”.

The following advantages are obtained by providing the middle voltagerange section VM. The card controller 14 has a voltage regulator inorder that the card 11 can correspond to two operating voltage ranges.The voltage regulator determines whether a supply voltage from the hostdevice 12 is high voltage or low voltage, and changes the supply voltageto the operating voltage of the card 11. At this time, if two operatingvoltage ranges are successive, the voltage regulator finds it difficultto determine a voltage which is substantially in the middle of the twooperating voltage ranges. As a result, the operation slowly progresses.To avoid that, a region that is not for use is provided to help thevoltage regulator easily determine the range of the supply voltage.

The capacity identification section HCS has a pattern which indicateswhether the host device 12 supports only small capacity or both smallcapacity and large capacity. The busy notification section BS is set to0 or 1 in the response, and is constant (for example, 0) in the command.The new memory initialization command may have an error detectionsection ED composed of a CRC code and the like.

FIG. 9 shows the main parts of the content of the response of the memoryinitialization command according to the second embodiment. As shown inFIG. 9, each part of the response of the memory initialization commandhas the same format as the command, and includes a first voltageidentification section V1A, a second voltage identification section V2A,a capacity identification section HCA, and a busy notification signalBA.

The first voltage identification section V1A has the same number of bitsas the first voltage identification section V1S in the command, and allof the bits corresponding to the operating voltage that the card 11itself supports may be, for example, “1”.

Similarly, the second voltage identification section V2A also has thesame number of bits as the second voltage identification section V2S inthe command. All of the bits corresponding to the operating voltage thatthe card 11 itself supports may be, for example, “1”.

The capacity identification section HCA indicates whether the card 11 isa small capacity card or a large capacity card. The busy notificationsection BS forms a bit pattern during the memory initialization, the bitpattern indicating this fact.

Next, the method for memory initialization will be described withreference to FIG. 10. FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the memoryinitialization process according to the second embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 10 shows the portion following A and B in FIGS. 6 and 7.That at least both the card 11 and the host device 12 support issuingthe voltage check command CMDV is necessary to issue a new memoryinitialization command. In addition, when the card 11 is a largecapacity card, the new memory initialization command must be issued.

As shown in FIG. 10, in step ST11, the host device 12 issues a newmemory initialization command shown in FIG. 8. If the host device 12supports a large capacity card, the capacity identification section HCSof this command is set to a bit pattern that indicates that the hostdevice 12 supports a large capacity card.

Note that when the host device is a conventional type, the voltage checkcommand CMDV and the memory initialization command (new memoryinitialization command) according to this embodiment are not issued. Inaddition to it, when the card being initialized is a small capacitycard, which corresponds to (1) above, the card 11 is initialized(including the operation of the card 11 sending back a response) in amode that is compatible with the prior art by means of the conventionalinitialization command.

When the host device is the conventional type, and the card 11 thatbeing initialized is a large capacity card, which corresponds to (2)above, the card 11 which has not received the voltage check command CMDVdoes not complete initialization instructed by the memory initializationcommand in order to cancel the initialization process. The host device,then, detects that the initialization could not be performed based on atime limit check. This makes it possible to prevent initialization ofthe large capacity card by the small capacity format in error.

Next, in step ST12, the host device 12 determines existence of aresponse to the new memory initialization command. When no response isreceived, it is assumed that an error occurred and the processing ends.When a response is received, the host device 12 checks in step ST13 thebit pattern of the busy notification section BA in the response. Thehost device 12 keep issuing the memory initialization command until theinitialization of the memory ends and the bit pattern indicates thatmemory initialization has ended (step ST14). Once initialization of thememory 13 starts, the card only sends back a response and ignores thecontent that has been set in the memory initialization commandparameters. The host device 12 checks the limits for the time for whichthe memory 13 is being initialized.

When the initialization of the memory 13 is complete, the host device 12checks the bit pattern of the capacity identification section HCA in theresponse in step ST15. The capacity identification section HCA comes ineffect when initialization ends. If the card 11 being initialized is anew card and of a small capacity card, HCA=0 is shown, which correspondsto the case (3) above. As a result, the host device 12 knows that thecard has been initialized as a small capacity card. If it is a largecapacity card, HCA=1 is shown, which corresponds to the case (4) above.As a result, the host device 12 knows that the card has been initializedas a large capacity card. The process, then, transfers to an additionalprocess (for example, acquisition of an ID of the card 11).

In the host device 12 and the card 11 according to the second embodimentof the invention, the memory initialization command and responseincludes support information and identifying information for the smallcapacity card or the large capacity card. The host device 12 and thecard 11 use it to check whether a host device with which it is incommunication supports large capacity. The high capacity card 11 isinitialized only when both the host device 12 and the card 11 supporthigh capacity. The small capacity card is initialized only when both thehost device 12 and the card 11 support small capacity. Also, because thehost device 12 which supports large capacity must also support smallcapacity, the initialization process is cancelled when the smallcapacity host attempts to initialize the large capacity card 11.Consequently, even when the new or old host devices are used with thenew or old cards, errors in operation can be prevented.

In addition, various modifications and adjustments within the scope ofthe present invention may occur to one skilled in the art, and it is tobe understood that these modifications and adjustments are included inthe scope of the invention.

According to the present invention, a card and a host device can beprovided, in which reciprocal checking of the operating voltage andcapacity is possible.

1. A host device configured to read and write information from and intoa card and to supply a supply voltage that belong to a first voltagerange or a second voltage range which is lower than the first voltagerange, the host device configured to issue to the card a voltageidentification command including a voltage range identification section,an error detection section, and a check pattern section, wherein thevoltage range identification section includes information indicatingwhich one of the first voltage range and the second voltage range thesupply voltage belongs, the error detection section has a patternconfigured to enable the card which has received the voltageidentification command to detect errors in the voltage identificationcommand, and the check pattern section has a preset pattern.